Coastal land reclamation is increasing and will continue to grow and be
a popular urban strategy in places that experience urban growth.
This is according to a study, “Mapping 21st Century Global Coastal Land
Reclamation,” that analyzed landsat satellite images from 2000 to 2020 to
quantify spatial extent, scale, and land use of urban coastal reclamation of
135 cities globally with populations exceeding one million. Key findings
indicate that 78% of these cities have turned to reclamation to create
additional land, resulting in 253,000 hectares of new land, an area equivalent
to Luxembourg.
Land reclamation is the process of creating new land from the sea. It’s
often used in places with scarcity of land and high population density for many
purposes. From Western Europe and West Africa to the Middle East, East Asia,
and Southeast Asia, these countries’ cities reclaim lands for port extension, residential/commercial,
and industrial purposes aimed at creating tourist and green spaces. Key drivers
like global trade and rapid urbanization are already ubiquitous, so for the
next step, these cities desire prestigious place-making efforts and enhanced
international reputation.
“Coastal land reclamation is a forward-looking approach to urban
development,” says Architect
Ian Fulgar, the principal architect of Fulgar Architects. It
allows cities to preserve valuable ecosystems and resources from urban sprawl
by expanding spaces without encroaching on existing natural land. More
importantly for architects, urban planners, and modern city dwellers, it
presents an opportunity to have purpose-built urban environments specifically
designed to meet their needs.
“Architects and urban planners can design sustainable and efficient
infrastructure with a blank canvas, incorporating the latest technologies and
best practices in urban planning. This approach can lead to more resilient and
adaptive cities capable of mitigating the effects of climate change and other
environmental challenges,” adds Architect Fulgar.
Cities that Lead Coastal Land Reclamation
Singapore, Dubai, and Hong Kong, says Architect Fulgar, are some of the
world’s most notable cities with impressive urban reclamation projects. “Not
only have they transformed their respective landscapes but also captured global
attention,” he says.
Photo credit to
Anastasia Yudin. An aerial shot of Flower Dome in Singapore.
Singapore’s Marina Bay Sands and Gardens by the Bay are testaments to
the city-state’s commitment to innovation and sustainability. The former is a
luxury integrated resort famed for transforming Singapore’s coastline and city
skyline, whereas the latter is a spectacularly unique horticultural destination
that combines art, science, and nature. These reclaimed land developments
further boost the country’s international reputation and real estate value
around the area.
For some parts of the United Arab Emirates, coastal land reclamation has
significantly changed its geography. Dubai, which has completely transformed
into an ultramodern city, features ambitious projects now known as some of the
most recognizable developments in the world like Palm Jumeirah and The World.
“They have reshaped the coastline and established the city as a leader in
innovative development, significantly elevating Dubai’s real estate value and
worldwide interest,” says Architect Fulgar.
Photo credit to
Abid Bin Nazar. An aerial view of Palm Jumeirah.
Palm Jumeirah is an awe-inspiring artificial archipelago shaped like a palm
tree when viewed from above. It houses some of Dubai’s luxury hotels,
residences, and entertainment venues. Likewise, The World is a groundbreaking
project composed of small artificial islands in the shape of a world map.
Lastly, Hong Kong’s commitment to preserved art, culture, and ongoing
sustainable urban development is exemplified by its West Kowloon Cultural
District. It is a 40-hectare reclaimed site along Victoria Harbour’s waterfront
designated as the city’s vibrant cultural quarter where the local arts scene
can interact, develop, and collaborate throughout its sustainability
principles.
Architect Fulgar, who firmly believes in creating spaces that foster
belonging and unity, highlights that Singapore, Dubai, and Hong Kong share
common denominators in their successful urban reclamation projects. These are
innovative design and planning, focus on sustainability and commitment to
cultural and societal development, and the subsequent increase in real estate
value.
“These projects have created iconic and visually striking landscapes by
pushing the boundaries of engineering and urban design. Sustainability is often
at the forefront, integrating practices and technologies that minimize
environmental impact and enhance the quality of life for residents and
visitors,” says Architect Fulgar on these cities’ commitment to sustainability
atop function and aesthetics.
Best Practices of Coastal Land Reclamation
Despite recognition of world-class reclamation projects, one of their
primary challenges is facing criticism and potential issues over sustainability
concerns. Architect Fulgar shares that the solution is through the
responsibility of vital stakeholders to adopt a collaborative approach and
adaptive strategies in implementing best practices, such as prioritizing
sustainability and disaster resilience goals in waterfront developments.
“The future of city development, especially in coastal areas, rests with
stakeholders prioritizing sustainability and disaster resilience. By adopting a
comprehensive, collaborative, and adaptable strategy, they can transform the
design, construction, and management of waterfront development – ultimately
creating more sustainable, resilient, and prospering urban environments that
benefit both people and the environment,” adds Architect Fulgar.
Moreover, Architect Fulgar puts emphasis on a well-planned project that
begins with the developers’ thorough research and analysis of the selected area
about potential environmental impacts, disaster risks, and local community
needs. Architects and engineers need to incorporate sustainable design
principles and green and blue spaces to reduce the development's environmental
footprint.
“Trends and insights on global reclamation illustrate the potential of
reclamation projects in addressing various urban development, environmental
conservation, and community well-being needs – leading to more sustainable and
resilient urban planning worldwide. By adopting these lessons and focusing on
sustainable growth, the Philippines can capitalize on its potential and carve a
path to a brighter future.”